Childhood Vaccines - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 998 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/03/13 Category Sociology Essay Level High school Tags: Childhood Essay Did you like this example? Abstract It is no secret that America has become a great melting pot of people. With such diversity comes the question, how do we keep our children healthy and safe from illness? Many question the safety and benefits, or lack thereof, of childhood vaccinations. Are they truly safe? Are they necessary? The answer is YES! The benefits far outweigh the risks of vaccinating our youth. Childhood vaccinations should be mandatory to those able to receive them to keep our future generations healthy. Vaccines are among the greatest, and most effective ways to prevent infectious diseases. And while its natural to want to understand the potential risks of vaccinations, it is also crucial in understanding the benefits. A parent will never realize know how many times their child will in contact with a vaccine-preventable disease or how many times their child will make use of their vaccine-induced immunity. Vaccinations are considered one of the greatest public health successes of the last century (Immunization). The primary benefit of vaccinations is that it prevents disease. Incidence rates in the spread of vaccine-preventable diseases are at an all-time low. This low can be attributed directly to the invention of vaccines. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Childhood Vaccines" essay for you Create order While the diseases we vaccinate against have dropped, they have not been totally eradicated. This is why it must be mandatory that any able-bodied child should be vaccinated (Immunization). Vaccines can spare a childs life. In light of advances in medicinal science, children are now be able to be safeguarded against more diseases than any time in recent memory. A few infections that once harmed or murdered a large number of children, have been eradicated totally and others are near eradication, basically because of safe vaccines. Polio is one case of the incredible effect that vaccinations have had in the United States. While it was once one of the most dreaded illnesses, wreaking havoc across the country, there are no more instances of polio being reported in the US, all thanks to vaccines (Mandatory, 2015). Vaccines saves lives and protects our future generations from disease. They protect the people we care about. Vaccines not only promote our bodies power to prevent and heal, they also protect those whose bodies are not able to prevent and heal themselves. When a child is vaccinated, they prevent disease from being spread to others. Individuals, children and adults, with weakened immune systems depend on the healthy population to get vaccinated to help keep the spread of disease low (Immunization). Not only do vaccines save lives, they are also cost effective and can save families time and money. When a child becomes ill due to a preventable disease, it creates a costly impact on the family as a whole. It can mean absenteeism from school, costly doctor visits, being admitted into the hospital, and parents often having to miss work to take care of the sick child. Prevention should always be the first option in protecting children, because it is more cost effective than searching for a cure after the child has become ill. Most vaccines are covered by insurances and even low-income families now have affordable access to these life-saving vaccines (Mandatory, 2015). Simply put, vaccines are safe. Since vaccines are administered to millions of children and adults every year, they are extensively tested before ever being allowed to be given to the public. Before a vaccine can pass inspection by the FDA, it is tested in labs around the world. All of the data collected is then is then used to determine if a vaccine is suitable enough to administered on a large scale. Once a vaccine is approved, the FDA starts to administer it to controlled groups of individuals to see what kinds of adverse reactions may occur. By the time a vaccine is fully approved to be given to the public, it has already been tested on hundreds, if not thousands, of individuals. Even after full approval is given, the FDA continues to test and re-test to make sure the potency and efficacy of the vaccine stays consistent (Ellenberg, Chen). There are several large databases that help the FDA track and monitor vaccines once they are released to the public. The most advanced database is called VAERS or Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System. This system is managed by the FDA and the CDC to monitor vaccines for signs of adverse reactions, safety issues, and such. VAERS helps the government determine which side effects are worth looking into and which side effects are just coincidence and are no relation to the vaccine itself (Ellenberg, Chen). Conclusion Now even with all of the testing and regulations that are put into place, there are many who still say that vaccines are not safe. One popular myth is that vaccines cause autism. This myth was brought about back in the early 1990s when a doctor conducted a small study and published it in a well-known medical journal. This study involved only 12 children and he concluded that the vaccine known as MMR was directly linked to causing autism in children. Even though later on his finding were found to be fabricated and his conclusion to be false information, people still latched on to this idea and had fanned the fears of parents worldwide (Kaufman). A lot of these fears come from parents trying to haphazardly educate themselves on the safety of vaccines, often leaning on the advice found in social media chat rooms, parental groups and other non-credible sources. More often than not, they end up being misinformed because they choose to believe what they hear and not what science has proven. And while every parent has a right to worry about the safety of their child, they also have to understand the risk of exposing other children and families to preventable diseases by not vaccinating their child. There is over 30 years of research conducted on whether or not vaccinations are linked to autism and the vast majority of the medical community says no, it is not (Kennedy, et al).

Beyond Good and Evil Nietzsches Philosophy on Good and...

Friedrich Nietzsche was a philosopher in the 1800’s. His work has since influenced, impacted, and brought forth new questions for many philosophers to follow. One of Nietzsche’s famous writings Beyond Good and Evil expresses his views on society and the two different classes it holds, slave and master. He expresses his belief that the two are in warfare with one another, the strong (master) fighting for the will to power, while the weak (slave) tries to pull the master down to their level using clandestine forms of revenge. Nietzsche believed the slave morality was one that included humility, obedience, and submission, and was the destructive choice and attribute of Christianity, while the master morality was full of arrogance and pride†¦show more content†¦The Ubermensche would be a race of humanity where man has overcome man, thus a new form of man superior to all prior being. While Nietzsche’s standpoint of the master morality can be viewed in the lifestyle of people today, it is not a morality that need be accepted or strived for as a sense of power or accomplishment in life. The Bible teaches that as we lose our live for Jesus we will find it (Matthew 10:39). Submitting to God is not an act of weakness, rather an honor and gain as we lose ourselves in Him and find our true selves. The Bible says that we were made in God’s image and likeness, and we were given dominion over the earth (Genesis 1:26). Nietzsche’s master morality appears to be just that, an attempt to gain dominion. Since Nietzsche did not believe in God, which is the way to salvation and eternal life (Romans 10:9), it is safe to assume that he was serving the god of this world and his ways, which have always been to try to copy or be like God (Isaiah 14:13-14). Nietzsche had knowledge about God but decided to turn away from him. Because of this, Romans 1:28 -29 shows that he, among other things would be arrogant, boastful heartless, and invent w ays of doing evil, which to me is exactly what his whole master-slave morality portrays. Had Nietzsche just turned from his wicked ways and submitted to the One and only true God, he would have found the peace, love, and true authority with out death. Slave Morality Nietzsche’s view of the slaveShow MoreRelatedFriederich Nietzsche and His Philosophies Essay1394 Words   |  6 PagesFriederich Nietzsche and His Philosophies Friederich Nietzsche was born in 1844 in the Prussian province of Saxony. He was the offspring of a long line of clergymen including his father, who was the pastor of a Lutheran congregation. His childhood was consumed with the haunting death of his father and, soon after, brother. After enrolling in school, he suffered from intense, painful headaches and myopia which caused burning sensations and blurred vision. This may have been syphilis and itRead MoreNietzsches Will to Power1697 Words   |  7 Pages5. Discuss Nietzsche’s theory of â€Å"will to power† and â€Å"the innocence of becoming†. Does the hypothesis of the will to power successfully â€Å"debunk† traditional religion, morality, and philosophical claims to provide the â€Å"disinterested† or â€Å"objective† truth? Nietzsche introduced an idea of philosophy that was more than simply a rational groundwork of existence or as the pursuit of an absolute truth. Instead, he suggested that philosophy is something to be respected as a personal interpretation ofRead MoreFriedrich Nietzsche s Influence On Modern Intellectual History And Western Philosophy1559 Words   |  7 Pagescritic, philologist, and a Greek and Latin scholar. His work has had lots of influence on modern intellectual history and Western philosophy in general. It revolved mainly around art, philology, religion and science. He wrote about morality, tragedy, aesthetics, atheism, epistemology and consciousness. However, some of Nietzsche s most profound elements of his philosophy include his powerful critique of reason and truth. He argued for perspectivism. He critiqued religion and Christian ethics, developedRead More Perspectivism and Truth in Nietzsche’s Philosophy: A Critical Look at the Apparent Contradiction2460 Words   |  10 PagesPerspectivism and Truth in Nietzsche’s Philosophy: A Critical Look at the Apparent Contradiction â€Å"There are no truths,† states one. â€Å"Well, if so, then is your statement true?† asks another. This statement and following question go a long way in demonstrating the crucial problem that any investigator of Nietzsche’s conceptions of perspectivism and truth encounters. How can one who believes that one’s conception of truth depends on the perspective from which one writes (as NietzscheRead MoreWhat does Nietzsche’s Mr. Daredevil-Curiosity report, when he metaphorically peers into the1700 Words   |  7 PagesWhat does Nietzsche’s Mr. Daredevil-Curiosity report, when he metaphorically peers into the workshop within which moral ideals are fabricated (GM I.14)? How convincing are his claims? Humanity, according to Nietzsche, is infected by an illness. It is the kind of illness that has infected every single man, religious or non-religious alike. It is his aim to release his readers from the illness. In much the same way as a doctor, he wishes to do so by primarily sourcing the cause of the illness, andRead MoreEssay about Dostoevsky and Nietzsches Overman2123 Words   |  9 PagesDostoevsky and Nietzsches Overman      Ã‚  Ã‚   The definition of à ¼bermensch, or overman, in Barrons Concise Students Encyclopedia makes anyone who has read Nietzsches Zarathustra - even aphoristically, as I tried to do at first - cringe. Barrons Encyclopedia defines an overman as someone who has his act together and gets things done. Of course, considering that this is a summary of one part of Nietzsches ideas, and that the encyclopedia reduces his entire philosophy to one short paragraphRead MoreJack s Master Morality Final Draft1301 Words   |  6 Pagesseen as good and of the master morality, while characteristics of cowardice, timidity, and humility would be seen as bad and of the slave morality. This assertion is related to William Golding’s novel Lord of the Flies, in which a group of schoolboys get stranded on an uninhabited island and attempt to temporarily establish order but soon stray from this original concern in pursuit of their inclinations. In the book, the actions of Jack and his tribe su pports and collates to Nietzsche’s philosophyRead More Analysis of Dostoevsky and Nietzsches Literature Essay5384 Words   |  22 PagesAnalysis of Dostoevsky and Nietzsches Literature   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Friedrich Nietzsche once said, â€Å"Dostoevsky, the only one who has taught me anything about psychology.† The two writers share many similarities and differences. Dostoevsky clearly had an effect on the thinking of Nietzsche. The two would be considered both philosophers and psychologists. Both writers became prominent in the late 19th century in Germany and Russia respectively. Dostoevsky was noted for his Russian literary classics and wouldRead MoreEssay about Nietzsche, Kundera, and Shit2923 Words   |  12 Pagesworld today. His world is dead much like Nietzsches. Denial is the focal point of society. Society assimilates difference and denies what cannot be assimilated. In his novel, The Unbearable Lightness of Being, Kundera relies on the word kitsch to describe the force of denial. Kitsch is a absolute denial of shit (Kundera 248). Kitsch is an inescapable part of the human condition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Though Nietzsche was not aware of the word, much of his philosophy is a reaction to the concept of kitschRead MoreNietzsche997 Words   |  4 Pagesdiffer in their approaches. For Hume, we have a natural disposition for sympathy that leads us to accept our moral convictions. Nietzsche, however, has a psychological theory of morality that undermines our moral beliefs entirely. As John puts it, Nietzsches story of morality explains why we have these beliefs without explaining whether or not they are true. At this point, Ken raises concern. Is Nietzsche saying that we shouldnt be moral? If this is the normative position hes advocating, how should

Time is Running Out free essay sample

He thought there were no doors left; another one had slammed right in his face. RING! School was now in session. From my perspective, today was going to be a typical day. Time was already flying by but it wasn’t until third hour that my opinion was brought back to reality. Something was wrong. I didn’t know what had happened or if something was going to happen, but I could feel a sense of alarm. The further and further I journeyed through the halls, the more I began to think about it. Just as I turned the corner, I could see a large crowd of people hovering over something. From my standpoint I couldn’t see anything so I veered in closer to get a better vantage point. Instantly, my heart started to race. I could not believe what I was seeing. Alex’s face was dripping blood. RING! Since that was the lunch bell, the crowd quickly dispersed, leaving Alex all alone. We will write a custom essay sample on Time is Running Out or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sorrowfully, I walked up to Alex and said, â€Å"Are you all right?† Alex, trying to hold in his tears, replied â€Å"I’m fine. Just leave me alone. It was just a fight. I don’t need anyone’s help.† Granting his wish, I started to walk away. Even though he said he was fine, I could still feel my conscience telling me that something was not right. Who knows, though? Hopefully lunch hour could take my mind off the situation. On the way to my locker, my friend Joe ran up to me and said, â€Å"Let’s go play some football outside; all the guys are waiting for you; c’mon.† That’s exactly what I wanted to hear. A good game of football would take my mind off Alex. hearing this news, we immediately bolted outside. â€Å"Almost there,† Joe told me. â€Å"All right, end zones are the two trees and the baseball diamond. â€Å" As Joe pointed toward the trees, I caught a glimpse of Alex sitting all alone. â€Å"Joe, tell the guys to start without me. I’ll be back in a few minutes.† â€Å"Where are you going?† â€Å"Don’t worry about it.† Walking over to Alex I said, â€Å"Hey do you want to play some football?† â€Å"No, I’m horrible.† â€Å"It doesn’t matter. We’re just playing for fun.† â€Å"Ok.† Already late for the game, we sprinted over to the field. â€Å"Hey guys, do you mind if Alex plays?† With looks of disgust one of the guys selfishly replied, â€Å"We already picked teams.† I could see the look of ostracism in Alex’s eyes. â€Å"I’ll sit out. He can take my spot.† The guys all glared at me while Alex’s face beamed with delight. â€Å"All right, whatever, he can play.† After football, Alex and I went to the next class together. We talked and laughed in between classes: and at the end of the day, he invited me over to his house. I accepted his invitation. As soon as we got inside, he directed me a specific room. Not knowing what to expect, he slowly opened the door. I saw a rope and a chair. He told me, â€Å"Not until this afternoon did I find someone who actually cares. Today was going to be my last day. I would not have seen tomorrow. Words are not strong enough to tell you how grateful I am you ran into me.† Door slam after door slam, the one that mattered most managed to stay open. Since that day, Alex and I have became the closest of friends. I don’t care what people around me think. To this day, I am proud to say, he is my best friend.

Psychology in Daily Life

Psychologists and researchers have studied the development process of intelligence and personality of human beings in great detail and have proposed numerous methodologies that trigger this process. According to recent studies individual learning process is the primary factor that contributes to the development of an individual’s personality and intelligence. (Bhattacharya, 2006, p. 90)Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology in Daily Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As stated by Carl Jung, â€Å"Personality is the supreme realization of the innate idiosyncrasy of a living being†. Having mentioned that, an individual’s personality and intelligence are two factors that tie in with each other greatly. Superior intelligence gives rise to better learning and as a result paves way for further development in the individual’s traits and personality and affects other areas of the indiv idual’s functioning such as memory, social interactions and behaviour, and tendency to adopt certain behaviour. (Bhattacharya, 2006, p. 90) Intelligence is said to affect various facets of personality and is considered to be an integral part of personality by researchers. The Intelligence-personality relationship is a highly complex one, fundamentally because both these phenomenon affect each other in so many ways that it is difficult to determine whether it is personality that affects intelligence or vice versa. Furthermore, as an individual ages both of these phenomena become more and more intricate and complex. (Weiss Deary, 2011) This s partially because as an individual become more advanced in his years, he obtains a repertoire of experiences that help him through the remainder course of life. Recent researches and findings have stated that intelligence and personality can be taken as valid indicators t predict the susceptibility of the individual to fall ill and die pr ematurely. (Weiss Deary, 2011) This study was conducted by Ian J. Deary and Alexander Weiss from the University of and reviewed by Keri Chiodo in the journal of the Association for psychological sciences in February, 2011. Medical and Psychological researchers have stated that there is a huge and major correlation between the individual’s personality and intelligence, and his or her physiological well-being. (Weiss Deary, 2011) Though, medical reports and researches have not given sufficient amount of evidence to deal with the subject in absolute and determine the types of disease that the individual is susceptible to. However, the type of personality that the individual possesses is usually associated with the number of hospitalizations and usually, most of the time researchers have associated low intelligence greater number of accidents and the individual partaking in activities and behaviour that can be seriously detrimental. (Weiss Deary, 2011)Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, Type A people are usually more cautious and adhere strictly to treatment regimen and generally more health conscious than other people. And an individual who possesses a Type B personality is more laid-back and a Type D individual has more negative emotional functioning that increases their risk to suffer from an illness and die a premature death due to their high stress levels. (Weiss Deary, 2011) However, all these findings are largely based on speculations and there is no set way f defining personality, as the phenomenon is vastly subjective and personality and intelligence is an extremely diverse trait. There is no way intelligence and personality can be quantified. Hence, it is a plausible method to predict the longevity of an individual but requires more evidence t back the theory up. Works Cited Bhattacharya, Srinibas. Psychological Foundation of educati on. Atlantic Publishers and distributors. (2006): p. 90. Weiss, Alexander Deary, Ian. Intelligence and Personality may predict illness and death. Journal of the association of psychological sciences. Web:  https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/releases/intelligence-and-personality-may-predict-illness-and-death.html (2011). This essay on Psychology in Daily Life was written and submitted by user Eli B. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Contemporary Ethical Issues In Marketing Essays

Contemporary Ethical Issues In Marketing Essays Contemporary Ethical Issues In Marketing Paper Contemporary Ethical Issues In Marketing Paper Essay Topic: Marketing Ethics relate to moral evaluations of decisions and actions as right or wrong on the basis of commonly accepted principles of behaviour. Marketing ethics are moral principles that define right and wrong behaviour in marketing. The most basic ethical issues have been formalised through laws and regulations to provide conformity to the standards of society. At the very least, marketers are expected to conform to these laws and regulations. However, it is important to realise that marketing ethics go beyond legal issues, ethical marketing decisions, ethics foster mutual trust among individuals and in marketing relationships. Ethical issues typically arise because of conflicts among individuals personal moral philosophies and the marketing strategies, policies, and organisational environment in which they work, they may stem from conflicts between a marketers attempts to achieve organisational objectives and customers desire for safe and reliable products. There is little doubt that ethical considerations are a powerful influence on consumer purchasing decisions e. g. Nike with its cheap labour sourcing policies. If a brand gets its ethical stance wrong it can be very bad for business. Brands like the Body Shop have shown that showing you are ethical can do wonders for business. Whether its specific issues such as environmental impact, exploitation of child labour or a more general pressure on corporations to give something back to society through charitable donations, contributions to local communities or support for the sports and arts, every brands are needing to take a conscious decision as to what sort of ethical stance to take. For example: The Reliant Robin became highly controversial in the 1970s after consumer advocates (Thats Life on BBC television) Claimed that Reliant had saved money in the design of the cars steering system and that Relaints ran a greater risk of being involved in accidents. Similarly, organisation objectives that call for increased profits or market share may pressure marketers to steel competitors secrets, knowingly put an unsafe product on the market, or some other questionable activity. For example: In South Korea, Lucky Goldstar Group markets a detergent packaged in an orange box with a whirlpool design just like- Procter Gambles Tide brand. The product is called Tie, and Procter : Gamble does not make it or license it to Goldstar. Obviously, the attempt to develop a Tide look-alike without Procter Gambles permission creates an ethical issue. A number of recently publicised incidents in marketing, such as deceptive or objectionable advertising, misleading packaging, questionable selling practices, manipulation, corruption, and pollution, have raised, questions as to whether specific marketing practices are acceptable and beneficial to society. The issues of what is acceptable in marketing practices and what obligations marketers have to society are issues of marketing ethics and social responsibility. Although it is a very important concern in marketing decisions, ethics may be one of the most misunderstood and controversial concepts in marketing. No one has yet discovered a universally accepted approach to dealing with marketing ethics. However, this concept and its application need to be examined in order to foster marketing decisions that are acceptable and beneficial to society. To be a credible leader in wellbeing, we must demonstrate a responsible approach to the wellbeing of all our stakeholders including our people, suppliers, the communities we serve and the wider environment. Boots is about products and advice that enhance personal wellbeing. Were working to enhance our reputation as a well managed, ethical and socially responsible company. As leaders in wellbeing we intend to reinforce our key role in the UKs primary healthcare Boots approach to Corporate Social Responsibility The issue of Ethical Trading is extremely important. The Boots Company is working alongside other leading retailers and the British Retail Consortium to develop guidance and codes of practice. Boots is also a member of the Ethical Trading Initiative, an independent organisation involving government, non-governmental organisations and retailers working together to agree common standards and a common approach. Specifically, with regard to conditions of employment for the workers in the Far East who produce goods for sale in Boots stores, the company insists on only doing business with those manufacturers, which meet certain, predetermined standards. For example, pay scales are monitored to see that they are above average and facilities, which are increasingly being provided for workers who live on the premises dormitories, three nutritious meals a day, recreational amenities are all of a competitive standard. Importantly, systems have been put in place to check that employers are conforming to their local government labour laws and that their factories comply with the legal age of employment A strong sense of social responsibility is part of the Boots heritage. Today its reflected in their values and behaviors and made explicit in their statement of business purpose. Example of a recent marketing campaign is the re-launch of the companys No. 7 Brand of cosmetics. The product was perceived to be good quality but drab and old-fashioned. In 1995 it was decided to re-launch the No. 7 brand as a premium product. Recent developments had allowed a substantial range of ethical claims to be made for the products such as not tested on animals and hypoallergenic. Two thirds of the colour range was new and every possible innovation incorporated. There was extensive customer testing against competitors in the new market to ensure that products in the range out performed their rivals. New ways of marketing products are constantly emerging. Whilst Boots continues to use tried and tested methods such as TV press and advertising, new communication channels mean that there is a wider array of tools Boots can use to get messages across to their customers. Some examples include Internet and Direct Mail through the Boots Advantage Card (which is the biggest loyalty scheme in Europe). Boots prides it self on being an ethical business it demonstrates this in all its marketing. The Body Shop is well known for its ethical stances, The Body Shop believes fair trade can make a positive difference in peoples lives and Community Trade is the Body Shops fair trade principles in practice. The Community Trade programme is aimed at small producer communities around the world who supply the Body Shop with accessories and natural ingredients. Community Trade ensures a fair deal for the producers and their communities enabling them to work together to make a difference to their own lives and have more control over their futures. Fair prices help producers to feed, clothe and educate their families and allow money to go back into the community to supply basic needs such as water, health and education. Money earned through trade with The Body Shop has enabled producers to build wells in their villages, educate thousands of people about AIDS and HIV and provide schooling for hundreds of children. When you enter any of The Body Shop stores or attend a The Body Shop at Home party, the staff will be able to point out Community Traded products and accessories and products that have Community Traded ingredients in them. Through all The Body Shops marketing communications and promotional materials you will always find the Community Trade logo, which in their catalogue and on their products highlights those with Community Traded components in them. For a company like The Body Shop there is another important factor to consider; their high profile role as an advocate of social and environmental causes. If a company wants the license to campaign on public issues, it must demonstrate its own commitment to reflection and self-improvement on issues like environmental protection, animal protection and human rights. The Body Shop Mission Statement dedicates the Companys business to the pursuit of social and environmental change. Underpinning the Mission Statement is The Body Shop Trading Charter, which addresses the three principal concerns of social responsibility, environmental sustainability and animal protection. Both documents describe The Body Shops key aims regarding its relationships with stakeholders, as well as with the environment. They commit the Company to strive towards balancing the financial needs and human needs of stakeholders, and describe the key principles that the Company aims to integrate into its trading practices: respect for human and civil rights; creation and support of long-term, sustainable trading relationships with communities in need; reflection of environmental sustainability in the Companys purchasing; and the commitment not to purchase materials or products that transgress the Companys animal protection policies. The Body Shops ethics are rooted in the personal beliefs and agenda that Anita and Gordon Roddick brought with them into the business. They are fundamental to the way The Body Shop operates, our reason for being. The Body Shop is committed to maintaining high standards of social and ethical business performance. It is also committed to the principles of integrity, transparency and continuous improvement through an integrated framework of accountability and active engagement with stakeholders. Regardless of the reasons behind specific ethical issues, once the issues are identified, marketers and organisations must decide how to deal with them. This is essential to become familiar with many of the ethical issues that may arise in marketing so that they can be identified and resolved when they occur. Examination of a few issues that could develop in the different marketing mix elements, can provide some direction and lead to an understanding of the ethical problems that marketers must confront. When examining both of the organisations above in the marketing mix I found that both companies are very ethical in there own brand product lines, Boots have Botanicals made from only natural ingredients, and The Body Shop also use natural ingredients and are totally against testing on animals. The Boots company may be more expensive than other chemists own brands, this is because they pay people who work for them in the 3rd world a wage that they can live on and provide them with food shelter, Body Shop uses money raised from there sales to help provide for the people in poorer countries and they also use environmentally friendly light bulbs in there shops. Boots and The Body Shop have shops on the high street they are both recognizably more expensive than other chemists such as superdrug, but both The Body Shop Boots offer more ethical products. Boots advertises how ethical it is on TV, it also has an Advantage Card loyalty scheme, The Body Shop does not advertise on TV, most people already know the body shop stance on ethical issues, but if you go into a shop there are posters and leaflets explaining what they stand for.

How to Calculate Your ACT Composite Score, Plus 5 Strategies

How to Calculate Your ACT Composite Score, Plus 5 Strategies SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Your ACT Composite Score is an important part of your college applications. In this guide, we show you how exactly to calculate your ACT Composite Score from each of your section scores. More importantly, we give you custom strategies on how to use your Composite Score to adapt your ACT prep. Read on... Calculating Your ACT Composite Score The ACT has four core sections (English, Math, Reading, and Science), with one optional section (Writing). Each of the four sections has a score that ranges from 1 (lowest) to 36 (highest). The Writing score is a separate score, ranging from 2 (lowest) to 12 (highest). Your Composite Score is the average (the arithmetic mean) of your four core section scores, with these important points: The Composite is rounded to the nearest whole number. Scores ending in 0.5 or higher are rounded UP to the nearest whole number. Here are a few examples of ACT section and Composite scores: Test English Math Reading Science Average Final Composite Test 1 21 23 24 19 21.75 22 Test 2 23 23 22 25 23.25 23 Test 3 24 24 23 23 23.5 24 Get the hang of it? The ACT also uses a combined English/Reading/Writing score, called an ELA score. Honestly, this isn't used that often and isn't that important for college admissions, so I would suggest not worrying about it. Before diving too deep into your ACT prep, you should also know your target ACT Composite Score, which is largely based on which schools you'll be applying to. Calculating an ACT Composite Score is pretty simple. The more important part is knowing what ACT Composite Scoring means for your study strategy. 5 Strategies for Raising Your Composite Score Your goal on the ACT is to get the highest Composite Score possible. The Composite Score is by far the most important ACT score used in college admissions, beyond any individual section score. Colleges will use this score to compare you to the thousands of other applicants to that school. This means that raising your Composite Score can have a disproportionate effect on your admissions chances. We all know that raising your score overall by getting better at the test is the obvious way to improve your score. But let's dig into more specific strategies: Even just one extra point on a single section can increase your Composite Score. For example, in the Test 2 example above, if the student re-took the test but improved his English from a 23 to a 24, his average would increase from a 23.25 to a 23.5, and his final Composite would increase from 23 to 24. You can bet this increase makes a difference in college admissions. Therefore, if you've taken the ACT just once or twice, definitely retake the test because your Composite Score is likely to improve. Focus your initial prep on your weakest section,which will give you the most room to grow. For example, if you scored a 16 on Science but a 24 on all the other sections, your Science section is clearly dragging your Composite Score down. If you improve your Science section by four points, your Composite will increase by a point. Writing is less important than the four core sections. If you have limited time to study, concentrate that time on raising your Composite Score. Your target schools may emphasize either English/Reading or Math/Science. Given the same Composite Score, engineering schools will favor a higher Math/Science score over English/Reading. If you plan to major in the humanities, the opposite is true. Focus your time on the sections that are more important for your college goals. Some schools use the 'highest combined Composite Score', aka the 'superscore.' This basically means that the school will take your best section score across all your tests, then combine them into your best possible Composite Score.If you're applying mainly to schools that use the superscore, you can focus on improving one section at a time, then combine all your tests together into your maximum Composite Score. Now that you know the importance of the ACT Composite Score and understand targeted strategies to improve it, read more to get deeper into our philosophy of how to improve your ACT scores. What's Next? Which colleges superscore the ACT?Check out our list of every college that uses ACT superscoring. What’s a good ACT score? Read our article on good, bad, and excellent ACT scores so you can identify and prepare for your target score. Need help on a specific section of the ACT? Read our guides to getting a 36 on ACT English, ACT Math, and ACT Reading. I also highly recommend this free guide to picking up some extra points on the ACT:

Independent African American Film Producers Research Paper

Independent African American Film Producers - Research Paper Example Independent African American Film Producers Independent film producers are professional producers who make feature films that are mostly produced outside the confines of the system of major studios (Levy 29). In addition to production, as well as distribution, through independent companies, these producers can also distribute and/or produce their films via major studio subsidiaries. These films are also characterized by marketing them as a limited release, although there are times when the marketing campaigns can be done through wide release (Reid 48). Prior to distributing the films, independent film producers will screen their movies at film festivals. This paper will seek to give the biography of three independent African American film producers; Tyler Perry, Spike Lee, and Ivan Dixon. Biography of Tyler Perry Born in New Orleans on 13 September 1969, Tyler Perry had a difficult childhood. He has had to forge his career in the entertainment industry, in which he has made various successful plays, films, and even written books that have ended up on the best-sellers list. According to him, his childhood was difficult in a family with three other siblings where his early life was punctuated by corporal punishment by his father (Uschan 30). He once attempted to kill himself to escape what he fathomed to be a difficult life. In an attempt to forge a life away from his father, the man born Emmitt Perry Jr. changed his name to Tyler and dropped out of high school, although he did go on to earn a GED general equivalent later on in his life. He only discovered his passion after trying his hand at several unfulfilling employment opportunities. Watching Oprah Winfrey on television, he was inspired by an independent filmmaker’s comments on the show about how personal breakthroughs could be brought about by difficult experiences (Uschan 31). Starting by writing a series of letters that he addressed to himself, Perry used his experiences to create his first musical I Know I Have Been Changed. While touching on the subject of his abuse as a child, Perry also touched on forgiveness, an aspect of his films that has been ever-present, reflecting the seriousness he takes his faith as a Christian (Uschan 31). His first showing of the musical in 1992 only drew an audience of 30 people. Perry was disappointed but determined and took odd jobs to fund h is reworking of the project. Although he staged his show in various American cities, he was still not successful and had to live in his car for a while. Perry finally got his breakthrough in 1998 with the musical I Know I Have Been Changed, for which rented the Atlanta franchise of House of Blues. Soon he began to draw sell out crowds, forcing the musical to be moved to a theater with more sitting space (Uschan 36). He followed up this musical with an adaptation of Woman Thou Art Loosed, a book by Televangelist T.D. Jakes, which also proved popular with audiences, particularly African Americans. However, it was his next project, I Can Do Bad All By Myself that brought him the success he had been craving and introduced Madea, his most famous character. He based the character of Madea on mature women in his life, including his mother, choosing to play the character by wearing a drag and changing his voice. Madea made her screen debut in Diary of a Mad Black Woman in 2001 and making su bsequent popular appearances in Madea’s Class Reunion and Madea’s Family Reunion, for which Perry toured extensively around the country in support of his films (Uschan 36). Diary of a Mad Black Woman proved a hit at the box office, starring Steve Harris and Kimberly Elise as an adulterous husband, and scorned wife respectively. Perry himself made an